Business, Legal & Accounting Glossary
US legislation that tightened up corporate financial reporting, introducing a federal accounting supervision board and criminal liability for executives who are shown to have falsified accounts.
The Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (often called SOX for short) is a law that was passed in the wake of the Enron and Worldcom scandals. SOX requires public companies to have greater internal controls.
A 2002 U.S. federal law which establishes a broad array of standards for public companies, their management boards, and accounting firms.
SOX is a set of highly controversial regulations imposed by the government to help ensure that the accounting scandals and subsequent failures of Enron and Worldcom aren’t repeated.
It was passed after a series of accounting scandals at Enron, WorldCom and Tyco International diminished public trust in U.S. corporations, and is designed to increase corporate accountability. The law established the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB), which oversees the auditors of public companies. Sarbanes-Oxley sets forth eleven specific reporting requirements that companies and executive boards must follow, and requires the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) to oversee compliance.
The basic goals of the act were threefold, to increase transparency in the accounting of public companies, to ensure independence in the auditing process of public companies, and to install harsher penalties for violators.
The major changes implemented in the act include:
The act is named after the two congressmen who sponsored it, Paul Sarbanes (D-MD) and Michael Oxley (R-OH).
SOX is highly controversial and its full effects are still debated.
Critics charge that SOX is far too restrictive, costing companies and consequently taxpayers billions of dollars as well reducing America’s competitiveness for attracting and creating new companies. They also claim that SOX is so restrictive that many companies now choose to go private to avoid its scrutiny and that many new up and coming companies decide against going public due to SOX’s prohibitive costs. Some critics also contend that SOX is particularly damaging to smaller and foreign companies due to the disproportionate time requirements and cost to them.
Proponents argue that SOX provides greater transparency for investors and was necessary to restore confidence in the market after the numerous accounting scandals that occurred at the turn of the century such as Enron, Worldcom, Adelphia and Tyco.
SOX
Sarbox Sabanes-Oxley
Public Company Accounting Reform and Investor Protection Act of 2002
Board of directors
CEO
CFO
Public Company Accounting Oversight Board
Internal control
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This glossary post was last updated: 28th November, 2021 | 0 Views.