“Post hoc” is a Latin term meaning “after this” and refers to a logical fallacy in which one assumes that because one event occurred after another, the first event must have caused the second event. In other words, it is the mistaken belief that correlation implies causation. This fallacy overlooks other potential factors or causes that may have influenced the outcome and assumes a causal relationship based solely on the temporal sequence of events. Identifying and avoiding post hoc reasoning is essential in critical thinking and analysis to ensure that causal relationships are based on sound evidence and reasoning rather than mere coincidence or correlation. In legal contexts, post hoc fallacies may arise when attempting to establish causation in criminal or civil cases and can lead to flawed conclusions if not properly scrutinized and supported by reliable evidence.
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This glossary post was last updated: 29th March, 2024.
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